/*
 * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.android.car.hal.fakevhal;

import static com.android.car.internal.property.CarPropertyErrorCodes.convertVhalStatusCodeToCarPropertyManagerErrorCodes;

import android.annotation.Nullable;
import android.car.builtin.util.Slogf;
import android.car.hardware.property.CarPropertyManager;
import android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.RawPropValues;
import android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.StatusCode;
import android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.SubscribeOptions;
import android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehicleArea;
import android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehicleAreaConfig;
import android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropConfig;
import android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropValue;
import android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehicleProperty;
import android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyAccess;
import android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyChangeMode;
import android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyType;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
import android.os.SystemClock;
import android.util.ArrayMap;
import android.util.ArraySet;
import android.util.SparseArray;

import com.android.car.CarLog;
import com.android.car.CarServiceUtils;
import com.android.car.IVehicleDeathRecipient;
import com.android.car.VehicleStub;
import com.android.car.hal.AidlHalPropConfig;
import com.android.car.hal.HalAreaConfig;
import com.android.car.hal.HalPropConfig;
import com.android.car.hal.HalPropValue;
import com.android.car.hal.HalPropValueBuilder;
import com.android.car.hal.VehicleHalCallback;
import com.android.car.internal.property.CarPropertyErrorCodes;
import com.android.car.internal.util.PairSparseArray;
import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileDescriptor;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * FakeVehicleStub represents a fake Vhal implementation.
 */
public final class FakeVehicleStub extends VehicleStub {

    private static final String TAG = CarLog.tagFor(FakeVehicleStub.class);
    private static final List<Integer> SPECIAL_PROPERTIES = List.of(
            VehicleProperty.VHAL_HEARTBEAT,
            VehicleProperty.INITIAL_USER_INFO,
            VehicleProperty.SWITCH_USER,
            VehicleProperty.CREATE_USER,
            VehicleProperty.REMOVE_USER,
            VehicleProperty.USER_IDENTIFICATION_ASSOCIATION,
            VehicleProperty.AP_POWER_STATE_REPORT,
            VehicleProperty.AP_POWER_STATE_REQ,
            VehicleProperty.VEHICLE_MAP_SERVICE,
            VehicleProperty.OBD2_FREEZE_FRAME_CLEAR,
            VehicleProperty.OBD2_FREEZE_FRAME,
            VehicleProperty.OBD2_FREEZE_FRAME_INFO
    );
    private static final String FAKE_VHAL_CONFIG_DIRECTORY = "/data/system/car/fake_vhal_config/";
    private static final String DEFAULT_CONFIG_FILE_NAME = "DefaultProperties.json";
    private static final String FAKE_MODE_ENABLE_FILE_NAME = "ENABLE";
    private static final int AREA_ID_GLOBAL = 0;

    private final SparseArray<HalPropConfig> mPropConfigsByPropId;
    private final VehicleStub mRealVehicle;
    private final HalPropValueBuilder mHalPropValueBuilder;
    private final FakeVhalConfigParser mParser;
    private final List<File> mCustomConfigFiles;
    private final Handler mHandler;
    private final List<Integer> mHvacPowerSupportedAreas;
    private final List<Integer> mHvacPowerDependentProps;

    private final Object mLock = new Object();
    @GuardedBy("mLock")
    private final PairSparseArray<HalPropValue> mPropValuesByPropIdAreaId;
    @GuardedBy("mLock")
    private final PairSparseArray<Set<FakeVhalSubscriptionClient>>
            mOnChangeSubscribeClientByPropIdAreaId = new PairSparseArray<>();
    @GuardedBy("mLock")
    private final Map<FakeVhalSubscriptionClient, PairSparseArray<ContinuousPropUpdater>>
            mUpdaterByPropIdAreaIdByClient = new ArrayMap<>();

    /**
     * Checks if fake mode is enabled.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if ENABLE file exists.
     */
    public static boolean doesEnableFileExist() {
        return new File(FAKE_VHAL_CONFIG_DIRECTORY + FAKE_MODE_ENABLE_FILE_NAME).exists();
    }

    /**
     * Initializes a {@link FakeVehicleStub} instance.
     *
     * @param realVehicle The real Vhal to be connected to handle special properties.
     * @throws RemoteException if the remote operation through mRealVehicle fails.
     * @throws IOException if unable to read the config file stream.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a JSONException is caught or some parsing error occurred.
     */
    public FakeVehicleStub(VehicleStub realVehicle) throws RemoteException, IOException,
            IllegalArgumentException {
        this(realVehicle, new FakeVhalConfigParser(), getCustomConfigFiles());
    }

    /**
     * Initializes a {@link FakeVehicleStub} instance with {@link FakeVhalConfigParser} for testing.
     *
     * @param realVehicle The real Vhal to be connected to handle special properties.
     * @param parser The parser to parse config files.
     * @param customConfigFiles The {@link List} of custom config files.
     * @throws RemoteException if failed to get configs for special property from real Vehicle HAL.
     * @throws IOException if unable to read the config file stream.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a JSONException is caught or some parsing error occurred.
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    FakeVehicleStub(VehicleStub realVehicle, FakeVhalConfigParser parser,
            List<File> customConfigFiles) throws RemoteException, IOException,
            IllegalArgumentException {
        mRealVehicle = realVehicle;
        mHalPropValueBuilder = new HalPropValueBuilder(/* isAidl= */ true);
        mParser = parser;
        mCustomConfigFiles = customConfigFiles;
        SparseArray<ConfigDeclaration> configDeclarationsByPropId = parseConfigFiles();
        mPropConfigsByPropId = extractPropConfigs(configDeclarationsByPropId);
        mPropValuesByPropIdAreaId = extractPropValues(configDeclarationsByPropId);
        mHvacPowerSupportedAreas = getHvacPowerSupportedAreaId();
        mHvacPowerDependentProps = getHvacPowerDependentProps();
        mHandler = new Handler(CarServiceUtils.getHandlerThread(getClass().getSimpleName())
                .getLooper());
        Slogf.d(TAG, "A FakeVehicleStub instance is created.");
    }

    /**
     * FakeVehicleStub is neither an AIDL VHAL nor HIDL VHAL. But it acts like an AIDL VHAL.
     *
     * @return {@code true} since FakeVehicleStub acts like an AIDL VHAL.
     */
    @Override
    public boolean isAidlVhal() {
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Gets {@link HalPropValueBuilder} for building a {@link HalPropValue}.
     *
     * @return a builder to build a {@link HalPropValue}.
     */
    @Override
    public HalPropValueBuilder getHalPropValueBuilder() {
        return mHalPropValueBuilder;
    }

    /**
     * Gets properties asynchronously.
     *
     * @param getVehicleStubAsyncRequests The async request list.
     * @param getVehicleStubAsyncCallback The callback for getting property values.
     */
    @Override
    public void getAsync(List<AsyncGetSetRequest> getVehicleStubAsyncRequests,
            VehicleStubCallbackInterface getVehicleStubAsyncCallback) {
        List<GetVehicleStubAsyncResult> onGetAsyncResultList = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < getVehicleStubAsyncRequests.size(); i++) {
            AsyncGetSetRequest request = getVehicleStubAsyncRequests.get(i);
            GetVehicleStubAsyncResult result;
            try {
                HalPropValue halPropValue = get(request.getHalPropValue());
                result = new GetVehicleStubAsyncResult(request.getServiceRequestId(),
                    halPropValue);
                if (halPropValue == null) {
                    result = new GetVehicleStubAsyncResult(request.getServiceRequestId(),
                            new CarPropertyErrorCodes(
                                    CarPropertyManager.STATUS_ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE,
                                    /* vendorErrorCode= */ 0,
                                    /* systemErrorCode */ 0));
                }
            } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
                CarPropertyErrorCodes carPropertyErrorCodes =
                        convertVhalStatusCodeToCarPropertyManagerErrorCodes(e.errorCode);
                result = new GetVehicleStubAsyncResult(request.getServiceRequestId(),
                        carPropertyErrorCodes);
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                result = new GetVehicleStubAsyncResult(request.getServiceRequestId(),
                        new CarPropertyErrorCodes(
                                CarPropertyManager.STATUS_ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR,
                                /* vendorErrorCode= */ 0,
                                /* systemErrorCode */ 0));
            }
            onGetAsyncResultList.add(result);
        }
        mHandler.post(() -> {
            getVehicleStubAsyncCallback.onGetAsyncResults(onGetAsyncResultList);
        });
    }

    /**
     * Sets properties asynchronously.
     *
     * @param setVehicleStubAsyncRequests The async request list.
     * @param setVehicleStubAsyncCallback the callback for setting property values.
     */
    @Override
    public void setAsync(List<AsyncGetSetRequest> setVehicleStubAsyncRequests,
            VehicleStubCallbackInterface setVehicleStubAsyncCallback) {
        List<SetVehicleStubAsyncResult> onSetAsyncResultsList = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < setVehicleStubAsyncRequests.size(); i++) {
            AsyncGetSetRequest setRequest = setVehicleStubAsyncRequests.get(i);
            int serviceRequestId = setRequest.getServiceRequestId();
            SetVehicleStubAsyncResult result;
            try {
                set(setRequest.getHalPropValue());
                result = new SetVehicleStubAsyncResult(serviceRequestId);
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                result = new SetVehicleStubAsyncResult(serviceRequestId,
                        new CarPropertyErrorCodes(
                                CarPropertyManager.STATUS_ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR,
                                /* vendorErrorCode= */ 0,
                                /* systemErrorCode */ 0));
            } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
                CarPropertyErrorCodes carPropertyErrorCodes =
                        convertVhalStatusCodeToCarPropertyManagerErrorCodes(e.errorCode);
                result = new SetVehicleStubAsyncResult(serviceRequestId, carPropertyErrorCodes);
            }
            onSetAsyncResultsList.add(result);
        }
        mHandler.post(() -> {
            setVehicleStubAsyncCallback.onSetAsyncResults(onSetAsyncResultsList);
        });
    }

    /**
     * Checks if FakeVehicleStub connects to a valid Vhal.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if connects to a valid Vhal.
     */
    @Override
    public boolean isValid() {
        return mRealVehicle.isValid();
    }

    /**
     * Gets the interface descriptor for the connecting vehicle HAL.
     *
     * @throws IllegalStateException If unable to get the descriptor.
     */
    @Override
    public String getInterfaceDescriptor() throws IllegalStateException {
        return "com.android.car.hal.fakevhal.FakeVehicleStub";
    }

    /**
     * Registers a death recipient that would be called when Vhal died.
     *
     * @param recipient A death recipient.
     * @throws IllegalStateException If unable to register the death recipient.
     */
    @Override
    public void linkToDeath(IVehicleDeathRecipient recipient) throws IllegalStateException {
        mRealVehicle.linkToDeath(recipient);
    }

    /**
     * Unlinks a previously linked death recipient.
     *
     * @param recipient A previously linked death recipient.
     */
    @Override
    public void unlinkToDeath(IVehicleDeathRecipient recipient) {
        mRealVehicle.unlinkToDeath(recipient);
    }

    /**
     * Gets all property configs.
     *
     * @return an array of all property configs.
     */
    @Override
    public HalPropConfig[] getAllPropConfigs() {
        HalPropConfig[] propConfigs = new HalPropConfig[mPropConfigsByPropId.size()];
        for (int i = 0; i < mPropConfigsByPropId.size(); i++) {
            propConfigs[i] = mPropConfigsByPropId.valueAt(i);
        }
        return propConfigs;
    }

    /**
     * Gets a new {@code SubscriptionClient} that could be used to subscribe/unsubscribe.
     *
     * @param callback A callback that could be used to receive events.
     * @return a {@code SubscriptionClient} that could be used to subscribe/unsubscribe.
     */
    @Override
    public SubscriptionClient newSubscriptionClient(VehicleHalCallback callback) {
        return new FakeVhalSubscriptionClient(callback,
                mRealVehicle.newSubscriptionClient(callback));
    }

    private int getAccess(int propId, int areaId) {
        HalPropConfig halPropConfig = mPropConfigsByPropId.get(propId);
        HalAreaConfig[] halAreaConfigs = halPropConfig.getAreaConfigs();
        for (int i = 0; i < halAreaConfigs.length; i++) {
            if (halAreaConfigs[i].getAreaId() != areaId) {
                continue;
            }
            int areaAccess = halAreaConfigs[i].getAccess();
            if (areaAccess != VehiclePropertyAccess.NONE) {
                return areaAccess;
            }
            break;
        }
        return halPropConfig.getAccess();
    }

    /**
     * Gets a property value.
     *
     * @param requestedPropValue The property to get.
     * @return the property value.
     * @throws RemoteException if getting value for special props through real vehicle HAL fails.
     * @throws ServiceSpecificException if propId or areaId is not supported.
     */
    @Override
    @Nullable
    public HalPropValue get(HalPropValue requestedPropValue) throws RemoteException,
            ServiceSpecificException {
        int propId = requestedPropValue.getPropId();
        checkPropIdSupported(propId);
        int areaId = isPropertyGlobal(propId) ? AREA_ID_GLOBAL : requestedPropValue.getAreaId();
        checkAreaIdSupported(propId, areaId);

        // For HVAC power dependent properties, check if HVAC_POWER_ON is on.
        if (isHvacPowerDependentProp(propId)) {
            checkPropAvailable(propId, areaId);
        }
        // Check access permission.
        int access = getAccess(propId, areaId);
        if (access != VehiclePropertyAccess.READ && access != VehiclePropertyAccess.READ_WRITE) {
            throw new ServiceSpecificException(StatusCode.ACCESS_DENIED, "This property " + propId
                    + " doesn't have read permission.");
        }

        if (isSpecialProperty(propId)) {
            return mRealVehicle.get(requestedPropValue);
        }

        // PropId config exists but the value map doesn't have this propId, this may be caused by:
        // 1. This property is a global property, and it doesn't have default prop value.
        // 2. This property has area configs, and it has neither default prop value nor area value.
        synchronized (mLock) {
            HalPropValue halPropValue = mPropValuesByPropIdAreaId.get(propId, areaId);
            if (halPropValue == null) {
                if (isPropertyGlobal(propId)) {
                    throw new ServiceSpecificException(StatusCode.NOT_AVAILABLE,
                        "propId: " + propId + " has no property value.");
                }
                throw new ServiceSpecificException(StatusCode.NOT_AVAILABLE,
                    "propId: " + propId + ", areaId: " + areaId + " has no property value.");
            }
            return halPropValue;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sets a property value.
     *
     * @param propValue The property to set.
     * @throws RemoteException if setting value for special props through real vehicle HAL fails.
     * @throws ServiceSpecificException if propId or areaId is not supported.
     */
    @Override
    public void set(HalPropValue propValue) throws RemoteException,
                ServiceSpecificException {
        int propId = propValue.getPropId();
        checkPropIdSupported(propId);
        int areaId = isPropertyGlobal(propId) ? AREA_ID_GLOBAL : propValue.getAreaId();
        checkAreaIdSupported(propId, areaId);

        // For HVAC power dependent properties, check if HVAC_POWER_ON is on.
        if (isHvacPowerDependentProp(propId)) {
            checkPropAvailable(propId, areaId);
        }
        // Check access permission.
        int access = getAccess(propId, areaId);
        if (access != VehiclePropertyAccess.WRITE && access != VehiclePropertyAccess.READ_WRITE) {
            throw new ServiceSpecificException(StatusCode.ACCESS_DENIED, "This property " + propId
                    + " doesn't have write permission.");
        }

        if (isSpecialProperty(propValue.getPropId())) {
            mRealVehicle.set(propValue);
            return;
        }

        RawPropValues rawPropValues = ((VehiclePropValue) propValue.toVehiclePropValue()).value;

        // Check if the set values are within the value config range.
        if (!withinRange(propId, areaId, rawPropValues)) {
            throw new ServiceSpecificException(StatusCode.INVALID_ARG,
                    "The set value is outside the range.");
        }

        HalPropValue updatedValue = buildHalPropValue(propId, areaId,
                SystemClock.elapsedRealtimeNanos(), rawPropValues);
        Set<FakeVhalSubscriptionClient> clients;

        synchronized (mLock) {
            mPropValuesByPropIdAreaId.put(propId, areaId, updatedValue);
            clients = mOnChangeSubscribeClientByPropIdAreaId.get(propId, areaId, new ArraySet<>());
        }
        clients.forEach(c -> c.onPropertyEvent(updatedValue));
    }

    /**
     * Dumps VHAL debug information.
     *
     * @param fd The file descriptor to print output.
     * @param args Optional additional arguments for the debug command. Can be empty.
     * @throws RemoteException if the remote operation fails.
     * @throws ServiceSpecificException if VHAL returns service specific error.
     */
    @Override
    public void dump(FileDescriptor fd, List<String> args) throws RemoteException,
            ServiceSpecificException {
        mRealVehicle.dump(fd, args);
    }

    /**
     * @return {@code true} if car service is connected to FakeVehicleStub.
     */
    @Override
    public boolean isFakeModeEnabled() {
        return true;
    }

    private final class FakeVhalSubscriptionClient implements SubscriptionClient {
        private final VehicleHalCallback mCallBack;
        private final SubscriptionClient mRealClient;

        FakeVhalSubscriptionClient(VehicleHalCallback callback,
                SubscriptionClient realVehicleClient) {
            mCallBack = callback;
            mRealClient = realVehicleClient;
            Slogf.d(TAG, "A FakeVhalSubscriptionClient instance is created.");
        }

        public void onPropertyEvent(HalPropValue value) {
            mCallBack.onPropertyEvent(new ArrayList<>(List.of(value)));
        }

        @Override
        public void subscribe(SubscribeOptions[] options) throws RemoteException {
            FakeVehicleStub.this.subscribe(this, options);
        }

        @Override
        public void unsubscribe(int propId) throws RemoteException {
            // Check if this propId is supported.
            checkPropIdSupported(propId);
            // Check if this propId is a special property.
            if (isSpecialProperty(propId)) {
                mRealClient.unsubscribe(propId);
                return;
            }
            FakeVehicleStub.this.unsubscribe(this, propId);
        }
    }

    private final class ContinuousPropUpdater implements Runnable {
        private final FakeVhalSubscriptionClient mClient;
        private final int mPropId;
        private final int mAreaId;
        private final float mSampleRate;
        private final Object mUpdaterLock = new Object();
        @GuardedBy("mUpdaterLock")
        private boolean mStopped;

        ContinuousPropUpdater(FakeVhalSubscriptionClient client, int propId, int areaId,
                float sampleRate) {
            mClient = client;
            mPropId = propId;
            mAreaId = areaId;
            mSampleRate = sampleRate;
            mHandler.post(this);
            Slogf.d(TAG, "A runnable updater is created for CONTINUOUS property.");
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            synchronized (mUpdaterLock) {
                if (mStopped) {
                    return;
                }
                mHandler.postDelayed(this, (long) (1000 / mSampleRate));
            }

            // It is possible that mStopped is updated to true at the same time. We will have one
            // additional event here. We cannot hold lock because we don't want to hold lock while
            // calling client's callback;
            mClient.onPropertyEvent(updateTimeStamp(mPropId, mAreaId));
        }

        public void stop() {
            synchronized (mUpdaterLock) {
                mStopped = true;
                mHandler.removeCallbacks(this);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Parses default and custom config files.
     *
     * @return a {@link SparseArray} mapped from propId to its {@link ConfigDeclaration}.
     * @throws IOException if FakeVhalConfigParser throws IOException.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException If default file doesn't exist or parsing errors occurred.
     */
    private SparseArray<ConfigDeclaration> parseConfigFiles() throws IOException,
            IllegalArgumentException {
        InputStream defaultConfigInputStream = this.getClass().getClassLoader()
                .getResourceAsStream(DEFAULT_CONFIG_FILE_NAME);
        SparseArray<ConfigDeclaration> configDeclarations;
        SparseArray<ConfigDeclaration> customConfigDeclarations;
        // Parse default config file.
        configDeclarations = mParser.parseJsonConfig(defaultConfigInputStream);

        // Parse all custom config files.
        for (int i = 0; i < mCustomConfigFiles.size(); i++) {
            File customFile = mCustomConfigFiles.get(i);
            try {
                customConfigDeclarations = mParser.parseJsonConfig(customFile);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                Slogf.w(TAG, e, "Failed to parse custom config file: %s",
                        customFile.getPath());
                continue;
            }
            combineConfigDeclarations(configDeclarations, customConfigDeclarations);
        }

        return configDeclarations;
    }

    /**
     * Gets all custom config files which are going to be parsed.
     *
     * @return a {@link List} of files.
     */
    private static List<File> getCustomConfigFiles() throws IOException {
        List<File> customConfigFileList = new ArrayList<>();
        File file = new File(FAKE_VHAL_CONFIG_DIRECTORY + FAKE_MODE_ENABLE_FILE_NAME);
        try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file))) {
            String line;
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                customConfigFileList.add(new File(FAKE_VHAL_CONFIG_DIRECTORY
                        + line.replaceAll("\\.\\.", "").replaceAll("\\/", "")));
            }
        }
        return customConfigFileList;
    }

    /**
     * Combines parsing results together.
     *
     * @param result The {@link SparseArray} to gets new property configs.
     * @param newList The {@link SparseArray} whose property config will be added to result.
     * @return a combined {@link SparseArray} result.
     */
    private static SparseArray<ConfigDeclaration> combineConfigDeclarations(
            SparseArray<ConfigDeclaration> result, SparseArray<ConfigDeclaration> newList) {
        for (int i = 0; i < newList.size(); i++) {
            result.put(newList.keyAt(i), newList.valueAt(i));
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * Extracts {@link HalPropConfig} for all properties from the parsing result and real VHAL.
     *
     * @param configDeclarationsByPropId The parsing result.
     * @throws RemoteException if getting configs for special props through real vehicle HAL fails.
     * @return a {@link SparseArray} mapped from propId to its configs.
     */
    private SparseArray<HalPropConfig> extractPropConfigs(SparseArray<ConfigDeclaration>
            configDeclarationsByPropId) throws RemoteException {
        SparseArray<HalPropConfig> propConfigsByPropId = new SparseArray<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < configDeclarationsByPropId.size(); i++) {
            VehiclePropConfig vehiclePropConfig = configDeclarationsByPropId.valueAt(i).getConfig();
            propConfigsByPropId.put(vehiclePropConfig.prop,
                    new AidlHalPropConfig(vehiclePropConfig));
        }
        // If the special property is supported in this configuration, then override with configs
        // from real vehicle.
        overrideConfigsForSpecialProp(propConfigsByPropId);
        return propConfigsByPropId;
    }

    /**
     * Extracts {@link HalPropValue} for all properties from the parsing result.
     *
     * @param configDeclarationsByPropId The parsing result.
     * @return a {@link Map} mapped from propId, areaId to its value.
     */
    private PairSparseArray<HalPropValue> extractPropValues(
            SparseArray<ConfigDeclaration> configDeclarationsByPropId) {
        long timestamp = SystemClock.elapsedRealtimeNanos();
        PairSparseArray<HalPropValue> propValuesByPropIdAreaId = new PairSparseArray<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < configDeclarationsByPropId.size(); i++) {
            // Get configDeclaration of a property.
            ConfigDeclaration configDeclaration = configDeclarationsByPropId.valueAt(i);
            // Get propId.
            int propId = configDeclaration.getConfig().prop;
            // Get areaConfigs array to know what areaIds are supported.
            VehicleAreaConfig[] areaConfigs = configDeclaration.getConfig().areaConfigs;
            // Get default rawPropValues.
            RawPropValues defaultRawPropValues = configDeclaration.getInitialValue();
            // Get area rawPropValues map.
            SparseArray<RawPropValues> rawPropValuesByAreaId = configDeclaration
                    .getInitialAreaValuesByAreaId();

            // If this property is a global property.
            if (isPropertyGlobal(propId)) {
                // If no default prop value exists, this propId won't be added to the
                // propValuesByAreaIdByPropId map. Get this propId value will throw
                // ServiceSpecificException with StatusCode.INVALID_ARG.
                if (defaultRawPropValues == null) {
                    continue;
                }
                // Set the areaId to be 0.
                propValuesByPropIdAreaId.put(propId, AREA_ID_GLOBAL,
                        buildHalPropValue(propId, AREA_ID_GLOBAL, timestamp, defaultRawPropValues));
                continue;
            }

            // If this property has supported area configs.
            for (int j = 0; j < areaConfigs.length; j++) {
                // Get areaId.
                int areaId = areaConfigs[j].areaId;
                // Set default area prop value to be defaultRawPropValues. If area value doesn't
                // exist, then use the property default value.
                RawPropValues areaRawPropValues = defaultRawPropValues;
                // If area prop value exists, then use area value.
                if (rawPropValuesByAreaId.contains(areaId)) {
                    areaRawPropValues = rawPropValuesByAreaId.get(areaId);
                }
                // Neither area prop value nor default prop value exists. This propId won't be in
                // the value map. Get this propId value will throw ServiceSpecificException
                // with StatusCode.INVALID_ARG.
                if (areaRawPropValues == null) {
                    continue;
                }
                propValuesByPropIdAreaId.put(propId, areaId,
                        buildHalPropValue(propId, areaId, timestamp, areaRawPropValues));
            }
        }
        return propValuesByPropIdAreaId;
    }

    /**
     * Gets all supported areaIds by HVAC_POWER_ON.
     *
     * @return a {@link List} of areaIds supported by HVAC_POWER_ON.
     */
    private List<Integer> getHvacPowerSupportedAreaId() {
        try {
            checkPropIdSupported(VehicleProperty.HVAC_POWER_ON);
            return getAllSupportedAreaId(VehicleProperty.HVAC_POWER_ON);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Slogf.i(TAG, "%d is not supported.", VehicleProperty.HVAC_POWER_ON);
            return new ArrayList<>();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Gets the HVAC power dependent properties from HVAC_POWER_ON config array.
     *
     * @return a {@link List} of HVAC properties which are dependent to HVAC_POWER_ON.
     */
    private List<Integer> getHvacPowerDependentProps() {
        List<Integer> hvacProps = new ArrayList<>();
        try {
            checkPropIdSupported(VehicleProperty.HVAC_POWER_ON);
            int[] configArray = mPropConfigsByPropId.get(VehicleProperty.HVAC_POWER_ON)
                    .getConfigArray();
            for (int propId : configArray) {
                hvacProps.add(propId);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Slogf.i(TAG, "%d is not supported.", VehicleProperty.HVAC_POWER_ON);
        }
        return hvacProps;
    }

    /**
     * Overrides prop configs for special properties from real vehicle HAL.
     *
     * @throws RemoteException if getting prop configs from real vehicle HAL fails.
     */
    private void overrideConfigsForSpecialProp(SparseArray<HalPropConfig> fakePropConfigsByPropId)
            throws RemoteException {
        HalPropConfig[] realVehiclePropConfigs = mRealVehicle.getAllPropConfigs();
        for (int i = 0; i < realVehiclePropConfigs.length; i++) {
            HalPropConfig propConfig = realVehiclePropConfigs[i];
            int propId = propConfig.getPropId();
            if (isSpecialProperty(propId) && fakePropConfigsByPropId.contains(propId)) {
                fakePropConfigsByPropId.put(propConfig.getPropId(), propConfig);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Checks if a property is a global property.
     *
     * @param propId The property to be checked.
     * @return {@code true} if this property is a global property.
     */
    private boolean isPropertyGlobal(int propId) {
        return (propId & VehicleArea.MASK) == VehicleArea.GLOBAL;
    }

    /**
     * Builds a {@link HalPropValue}.
     *
     * @param propId The propId of the prop value to be built.
     * @param areaId The areaId of the prop value to be built.
     * @param timestamp The elapsed time in nanoseconds when mPropConfigsByPropId is initialized.
     * @param rawPropValues The {@link RawPropValues} contains property values.
     * @return a {@link HalPropValue} built by propId, areaId, timestamp and value.
     */
    private HalPropValue buildHalPropValue(int propId, int areaId, long timestamp,
            RawPropValues rawPropValues) {
        VehiclePropValue propValue = new VehiclePropValue();
        propValue.prop = propId;
        propValue.areaId = areaId;
        propValue.timestamp = timestamp;
        propValue.value = rawPropValues;
        return mHalPropValueBuilder.build(propValue);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if a property is a special property.
     *
     * @param propId The property to be checked.
     * @return {@code true} if the property is special.
     */
    private static boolean isSpecialProperty(int propId) {
        return SPECIAL_PROPERTIES.contains(propId);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if a property is an HVAC power affected property.
     *
     * @param propId The property to be checked.
     * @return {@code true} if the property is one of the HVAC power affected properties.
     */
    private boolean isHvacPowerDependentProp(int propId) {
        return mHvacPowerDependentProps.contains(propId);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if a HVAC power dependent property is available.
     *
     * @param propId The property to be checked.
     * @param areaId The areaId to be checked.
     * @throws RemoteException if the remote operation through real vehicle HAL in get method fails.
     * @throws ServiceSpecificException if there is no matched areaId in HVAC_POWER_ON to check or
     * the property is not available.
     */
    private void checkPropAvailable(int propId, int areaId) throws RemoteException,
            ServiceSpecificException {
        HalPropValue propValues = get(mHalPropValueBuilder.build(VehicleProperty.HVAC_POWER_ON,
                getMatchedAreaIdInHvacPower(areaId)));
        if (propValues.getInt32ValuesSize() >= 1 && propValues.getInt32Value(0) == 0) {
            throw new ServiceSpecificException(StatusCode.NOT_AVAILABLE, "HVAC_POWER_ON is off."
                    + " PropId: " + propId + " is not available.");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Gets matched areaId from HVAC_POWER_ON supported areaIds.
     *
     * @param areaId The specified areaId to find the match.
     * @return the matched areaId.
     * @throws ServiceSpecificException if no matched areaId found.
     */
    private int getMatchedAreaIdInHvacPower(int areaId) {
        for (int i = 0; i < mHvacPowerSupportedAreas.size(); i++) {
            int supportedAreaId = mHvacPowerSupportedAreas.get(i);
            if ((areaId | supportedAreaId) == supportedAreaId) {
                return supportedAreaId;
            }
        }
        throw new ServiceSpecificException(StatusCode.INVALID_ARG, "This areaId: " + areaId
                + " doesn't match any supported areaIds in HVAC_POWER_ON");
    }

    /**
     * Generates a list of all supported areaId for a certain property.
     *
     * @param propId The property to get all supported areaIds.
     * @return A {@link List} of all supported areaId.
     */
    private List<Integer> getAllSupportedAreaId(int propId) {
        List<Integer> allSupportedAreaId = new ArrayList<>();
        HalAreaConfig[] areaConfigs = mPropConfigsByPropId.get(propId).getAreaConfigs();
        for (int i = 0; i < areaConfigs.length; i++) {
            allSupportedAreaId.add(areaConfigs[i].getAreaId());
        }
        return allSupportedAreaId;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if the set value is within the value range.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if set value is within the prop config range.
     */
    private boolean withinRange(int propId, int areaId, RawPropValues rawPropValues) {
        // For global property without areaId.
        if (isPropertyGlobal(propId) && getAllSupportedAreaId(propId).isEmpty()) {
            return true;
        }

        // For non-global properties and global properties with areaIds.
        int index = getAllSupportedAreaId(propId).indexOf(areaId);

        HalAreaConfig areaConfig = mPropConfigsByPropId.get(propId).getAreaConfigs()[index];

        int[] int32Values = rawPropValues.int32Values;
        long[] int64Values = rawPropValues.int64Values;
        float[] floatValues = rawPropValues.floatValues;
        // If max and min values exists, then check the boundaries. If max and min values are all
        // 0s, return true.
        switch (getPropType(propId)) {
            case VehiclePropertyType.INT32:
            case VehiclePropertyType.INT32_VEC:
                int minInt32Value = areaConfig.getMinInt32Value();
                int maxInt32Value = areaConfig.getMaxInt32Value();
                if (minInt32Value != maxInt32Value || minInt32Value != 0) {
                    for (int int32Value : int32Values) {
                        if (int32Value > maxInt32Value || int32Value < minInt32Value) {
                            Slogf.e(TAG, "For propId: %d, areaId: %d, the valid min value is: "
                                    + "%d, max value is: %d, but the given value is: %d.", propId,
                                    areaId, minInt32Value, maxInt32Value, int32Value);
                            return false;
                        }
                    }
                }
                break;
            case VehiclePropertyType.INT64:
            case VehiclePropertyType.INT64_VEC:
                long minInt64Value = areaConfig.getMinInt64Value();
                long maxInt64Value = areaConfig.getMaxInt64Value();
                if (minInt64Value != maxInt64Value || minInt64Value != 0) {
                    for (long int64Value : int64Values) {
                        if (int64Value > maxInt64Value || int64Value < minInt64Value) {
                            Slogf.e(TAG, "For propId: %d, areaId: %d, the valid min value is: "
                                    + "%d, max value is: %d, but the given value is: %d.", propId,
                                    areaId, minInt64Value, maxInt64Value, int64Value);
                            return false;
                        }
                    }
                }
                break;
            case VehiclePropertyType.FLOAT:
            case VehiclePropertyType.FLOAT_VEC:
                float minFloatValue = areaConfig.getMinFloatValue();
                float maxFloatValue = areaConfig.getMaxFloatValue();
                if (minFloatValue != maxFloatValue || minFloatValue != 0) {
                    for (float floatValue : floatValues) {
                        if (floatValue > maxFloatValue || floatValue < minFloatValue) {
                            Slogf.e(TAG, "For propId: %d, areaId: %d, the valid min value is: "
                                    + "%f, max value is: %f, but the given value is: %d.", propId,
                                    areaId, minFloatValue, maxFloatValue, floatValue);
                            return false;
                        }
                    }
                }
                break;
            default:
                Slogf.d(TAG, "Skip checking range for propId: %d because it is mixed type.",
                        propId);
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the type of property.
     *
     * @param propId The property to get the type.
     * @return The type.
     */
    private static int getPropType(int propId) {
        return propId & VehiclePropertyType.MASK;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if a property is supported. If not, throw a {@link ServiceSpecificException}.
     *
     * @param propId The property to be checked.
     */
    private void checkPropIdSupported(int propId) {
        // Check if the property config exists.
        if (!mPropConfigsByPropId.contains(propId)) {
            throw new ServiceSpecificException(StatusCode.INVALID_ARG, "The propId: " + propId
                + " is not supported.");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Checks if an areaId of a property is supported.
     *
     * @param propId The property to be checked.
     * @param areaId The area to be checked.
     */
    private void checkAreaIdSupported(int propId, int areaId) {
        List<Integer> supportedAreaIds = getAllSupportedAreaId(propId);
        // For global property, areaId will be ignored if the area config array is empty.
        if ((isPropertyGlobal(propId) && supportedAreaIds.isEmpty())
                || supportedAreaIds.contains(areaId)) {
            return;
        }
        throw new ServiceSpecificException(StatusCode.INVALID_ARG, "The areaId: " + areaId
                + " is not supported.");
    }

    /**
     * Subscribes properties.
     *
     * @param client The client subscribes properties.
     * @param options The array of subscribe options.
     * @throws RemoteException if remote operation through real SubscriptionClient fails.
     */
    private void subscribe(FakeVhalSubscriptionClient client, SubscribeOptions[] options)
            throws RemoteException {
        for (int i = 0; i < options.length; i++) {
            int propId = options[i].propId;

            // Check if this propId is supported.
            checkPropIdSupported(propId);

            // Check if this propId is a special property.
            if (isSpecialProperty(propId)) {
                client.mRealClient.subscribe(new SubscribeOptions[]{options[i]});
                return;
            }

            int[] areaIds = isPropertyGlobal(propId) ? new int[]{AREA_ID_GLOBAL}
                : getSubscribedAreaIds(propId, options[i].areaIds);

            int changeMode = mPropConfigsByPropId.get(propId).getChangeMode();
            switch (changeMode) {
                case VehiclePropertyChangeMode.STATIC:
                    throw new ServiceSpecificException(StatusCode.INVALID_ARG,
                        "Static property cannot be subscribed.");
                case VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE:
                    subscribeOnChangeProp(client, propId, areaIds);
                    break;
                case VehiclePropertyChangeMode.CONTINUOUS:
                    // Check if sample rate is within minSampleRate and maxSampleRate, and
                    // return a valid sample rate.
                    float sampleRate = getSampleRateWithinRange(options[i].sampleRate, propId);
                    subscribeContinuousProp(client, propId, areaIds, sampleRate);
                    break;
                default:
                    Slogf.w(TAG, "This change mode: %d is not supported.", changeMode);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Subscribes an ON_CHANGE property.
     *
     * @param client The client that subscribes a property.
     * @param propId The property to be subscribed.
     * @param areaIds The list of areaIds to be subscribed.
     */
    private void subscribeOnChangeProp(FakeVhalSubscriptionClient client, int propId,
            int[] areaIds) {
        synchronized (mLock) {
            for (int areaId : areaIds) {
                checkAreaIdSupported(propId, areaId);
                Slogf.d(TAG, "FakeVhalSubscriptionClient subscribes ON_CHANGE property, "
                        + "propId: %d,  areaId: ", propId, areaId);
                // Update the map from propId, areaId to client set in FakeVehicleStub.
                Set<FakeVehicleStub.FakeVhalSubscriptionClient> subscriptionClientSet =
                        mOnChangeSubscribeClientByPropIdAreaId.get(propId, areaId);
                if (subscriptionClientSet == null) {
                    subscriptionClientSet = new ArraySet<>();
                    mOnChangeSubscribeClientByPropIdAreaId.put(propId, areaId,
                            subscriptionClientSet);
                }
                subscriptionClientSet.add(client);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Subscribes a CONTINUOUS property.
     *
     * @param client The client that subscribes a property.
     * @param propId The property to be subscribed.
     * @param areaIds The list of areaIds to be subscribed.
     * @param sampleRate The rate of subscription.
     */
    private void subscribeContinuousProp(FakeVhalSubscriptionClient client, int propId,
            int[] areaIds, float sampleRate) {
        synchronized (mLock) {
            for (int areaId : areaIds) {
                checkAreaIdSupported(propId, areaId);
                Slogf.d(TAG, "FakeVhalSubscriptionClient subscribes CONTINUOUS property, "
                        + "propId: %d,  areaId: %d", propId, areaId);
                PairSparseArray<ContinuousPropUpdater> updaterByPropIdAreaId =
                        mUpdaterByPropIdAreaIdByClient.get(client);
                // Check if this client has subscribed CONTINUOUS properties.
                if (updaterByPropIdAreaId == null) {
                    updaterByPropIdAreaId = new PairSparseArray<>();
                    mUpdaterByPropIdAreaIdByClient.put(client, updaterByPropIdAreaId);
                }
                // Check if this client subscribes to the propId, areaId pair
                int indexOfPropIdAreaId = updaterByPropIdAreaId.indexOfKeyPair(propId, areaId);
                if (indexOfPropIdAreaId >= 0) {
                    // If current subscription rate is same as the new sample rate.
                    ContinuousPropUpdater oldUpdater =
                            updaterByPropIdAreaId.valueAt(indexOfPropIdAreaId);
                    if (oldUpdater.mSampleRate == sampleRate) {
                        Slogf.w(TAG, "Sample rate is same as current rate. No update.");
                        continue;
                    }
                    // If sample rate is not same. Remove old updater from mHandler's message queue.
                    oldUpdater.stop();
                    updaterByPropIdAreaId.removeAt(indexOfPropIdAreaId);
                }
                ContinuousPropUpdater updater = new ContinuousPropUpdater(client, propId, areaId,
                        sampleRate);
                updaterByPropIdAreaId.put(propId, areaId, updater);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Unsubscribes a property.
     *
     * @param client The client that unsubscribes this property.
     * @param propId The property to be unsubscribed.
     */
    private void unsubscribe(FakeVhalSubscriptionClient client, int propId) {
        int changeMode = mPropConfigsByPropId.get(propId).getChangeMode();
        switch (changeMode) {
            case VehiclePropertyChangeMode.STATIC:
                throw new ServiceSpecificException(StatusCode.INVALID_ARG,
                    "Static property cannot be unsubscribed.");
            case VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE:
                unsubscribeOnChangeProp(client, propId);
                break;
            case VehiclePropertyChangeMode.CONTINUOUS:
                unsubscribeContinuousProp(client, propId);
                break;
            default:
                Slogf.w(TAG, "This change mode: %d is not supported.", changeMode);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Unsubscribes ON_CHANGE property.
     *
     * @param client The client that unsubscribes this property.
     * @param propId The property to be unsubscribed.
     */
    private void unsubscribeOnChangeProp(FakeVhalSubscriptionClient client, int propId) {
        synchronized (mLock) {
            List<Integer> areaIdsToDelete = new ArrayList<>();
            for (int i = 0; i < mOnChangeSubscribeClientByPropIdAreaId.size(); i++) {
                int[] propIdAreaId = mOnChangeSubscribeClientByPropIdAreaId.keyPairAt(i);
                if (propIdAreaId[0] != propId) {
                    continue;
                }
                Set<FakeVhalSubscriptionClient> clientSet =
                        mOnChangeSubscribeClientByPropIdAreaId.valueAt(i);
                clientSet.remove(client);
                Slogf.d(TAG, "FakeVhalSubscriptionClient unsubscribes ON_CHANGE property, "
                        + "propId: %d, areaId: %d", propId, propIdAreaId[1]);
                if (clientSet.isEmpty()) {
                    areaIdsToDelete.add(propIdAreaId[1]);
                }
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < areaIdsToDelete.size(); i++) {
                mOnChangeSubscribeClientByPropIdAreaId.remove(propId, areaIdsToDelete.get(i));
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Unsubscribes CONTINUOUS property.
     *
     * @param client The client that unsubscribes this property.
     * @param propId The property to be unsubscribed.
     */
    private void unsubscribeContinuousProp(FakeVhalSubscriptionClient client, int propId) {
        synchronized (mLock) {
            if (!mUpdaterByPropIdAreaIdByClient.containsKey(client)) {
                Slogf.w(TAG, "This client hasn't subscribed any CONTINUOUS property.");
                return;
            }
            List<Integer> areaIdsToDelete = new ArrayList<>();
            PairSparseArray<ContinuousPropUpdater> updaterByPropIdAreaId =
                    mUpdaterByPropIdAreaIdByClient.get(client);
            for (int i = 0; i < updaterByPropIdAreaId.size(); i++) {
                int[] propIdAreaId = updaterByPropIdAreaId.keyPairAt(i);
                if (propIdAreaId[0] != propId) {
                    continue;
                }
                updaterByPropIdAreaId.valueAt(i).stop();
                Slogf.d(TAG, "FakeVhalSubscriptionClient unsubscribes CONTINUOUS property,"
                        + " propId: %d,  areaId: %d", propId, propIdAreaId[1]);
                areaIdsToDelete.add(propIdAreaId[1]);
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < areaIdsToDelete.size(); i++) {
                updaterByPropIdAreaId.remove(propId, areaIdsToDelete.get(i));
            }
            if (updaterByPropIdAreaId.size() == 0) {
                mUpdaterByPropIdAreaIdByClient.remove(client);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Gets the array of subscribed areaIds.
     *
     * @param propId The property to be subscribed.
     * @param areaIds The areaIds from SubscribeOptions.
     * @return an {@code array} of subscribed areaIds.
     */
    private int[] getSubscribedAreaIds(int propId, int[] areaIds) {
        if (areaIds != null && areaIds.length != 0) {
            return areaIds;
        }
        // If areaIds field  is empty or null, subscribe all supported areaIds.
        return CarServiceUtils.toIntArray(getAllSupportedAreaId(propId));
    }

    /**
     * Gets the subscription sample rate within range.
     *
     * @param sampleRate The requested sample rate.
     * @param propId The property to be subscribed.
     * @return The valid sample rate.
     */
    private float getSampleRateWithinRange(float sampleRate, int propId) {
        float minSampleRate = mPropConfigsByPropId.get(propId).getMinSampleRate();
        float maxSampleRate = mPropConfigsByPropId.get(propId).getMaxSampleRate();
        if (sampleRate < minSampleRate) {
            sampleRate = minSampleRate;
        }
        if (sampleRate > maxSampleRate) {
            sampleRate = maxSampleRate;
        }
        return sampleRate;
    }

    /**
     * Updates the timeStamp of a property.
     *
     * @param propId The property gets current timeStamp.
     * @param areaId The property with specific area gets current timeStamp.
     */
    private HalPropValue updateTimeStamp(int propId, int areaId) {
        synchronized (mLock) {
            HalPropValue propValue = mPropValuesByPropIdAreaId.get(propId, areaId);
            RawPropValues rawPropValues = ((VehiclePropValue) propValue.toVehiclePropValue()).value;
            HalPropValue updatedValue = buildHalPropValue(propId, areaId,
                    SystemClock.elapsedRealtimeNanos(), rawPropValues);
            mPropValuesByPropIdAreaId.put(propId, areaId, updatedValue);
            return updatedValue;
        }
    }
}