/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.commons.math3.util;

import org.apache.commons.math3.RealFieldElement;
import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.MathArithmeticException;
import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.NotFiniteNumberException;
import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.NullArgumentException;
import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.util.Localizable;
import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.util.LocalizedFormats;

import java.util.Arrays;

/**
 * Miscellaneous utility functions.
 *
 * @see ArithmeticUtils
 * @see Precision
 * @see MathArrays
 */
public final class MathUtils {
    /**
     * \(2\pi\)
     *
     * @since 2.1
     */
    public static final double TWO_PI = 2 * FastMath.PI;

    /**
     * \(\pi^2\)
     *
     * @since 3.4
     */
    public static final double PI_SQUARED = FastMath.PI * FastMath.PI;

    /** Class contains only static methods. */
    private MathUtils() {}

    /**
     * Returns an integer hash code representing the given double value.
     *
     * @param value the value to be hashed
     * @return the hash code
     */
    public static int hash(double value) {
        return new Double(value).hashCode();
    }

    /**
     * Returns {@code true} if the values are equal according to semantics of {@link
     * Double#equals(Object)}.
     *
     * @param x Value
     * @param y Value
     * @return {@code new Double(x).equals(new Double(y))}
     */
    public static boolean equals(double x, double y) {
        return new Double(x).equals(new Double(y));
    }

    /**
     * Returns an integer hash code representing the given double array.
     *
     * @param value the value to be hashed (may be null)
     * @return the hash code
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public static int hash(double[] value) {
        return Arrays.hashCode(value);
    }

    /**
     * Normalize an angle in a 2π wide interval around a center value.
     *
     * <p>This method has three main uses:
     *
     * <ul>
     *   <li>normalize an angle between 0 and 2&pi;:<br>
     *       {@code a = MathUtils.normalizeAngle(a, FastMath.PI);}
     *   <li>normalize an angle between -&pi; and +&pi;<br>
     *       {@code a = MathUtils.normalizeAngle(a, 0.0);}
     *   <li>compute the angle between two defining angular positions:<br>
     *       {@code angle = MathUtils.normalizeAngle(end, start) - start;}
     * </ul>
     *
     * <p>Note that due to numerical accuracy and since &pi; cannot be represented exactly, the
     * result interval is <em>closed</em>, it cannot be half-closed as would be more satisfactory in
     * a purely mathematical view.
     *
     * @param a angle to normalize
     * @param center center of the desired 2&pi; interval for the result
     * @return a-2k&pi; with integer k and center-&pi; &lt;= a-2k&pi; &lt;= center+&pi;
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public static double normalizeAngle(double a, double center) {
        return a - TWO_PI * FastMath.floor((a + FastMath.PI - center) / TWO_PI);
    }

    /**
     * Find the maximum of two field elements.
     *
     * @param <T> the type of the field elements
     * @param e1 first element
     * @param e2 second element
     * @return max(a1, e2)
     * @since 3.6
     */
    public static <T extends RealFieldElement<T>> T max(final T e1, final T e2) {
        return e1.subtract(e2).getReal() >= 0 ? e1 : e2;
    }

    /**
     * Find the minimum of two field elements.
     *
     * @param <T> the type of the field elements
     * @param e1 first element
     * @param e2 second element
     * @return min(a1, e2)
     * @since 3.6
     */
    public static <T extends RealFieldElement<T>> T min(final T e1, final T e2) {
        return e1.subtract(e2).getReal() >= 0 ? e2 : e1;
    }

    /**
     * Reduce {@code |a - offset|} to the primary interval {@code [0, |period|)}.
     *
     * <p>Specifically, the value returned is <br>
     * {@code a - |period| * floor((a - offset) / |period|) - offset}.
     *
     * <p>If any of the parameters are {@code NaN} or infinite, the result is {@code NaN}.
     *
     * @param a Value to reduce.
     * @param period Period.
     * @param offset Value that will be mapped to {@code 0}.
     * @return the value, within the interval {@code [0 |period|)}, that corresponds to {@code a}.
     */
    public static double reduce(double a, double period, double offset) {
        final double p = FastMath.abs(period);
        return a - p * FastMath.floor((a - offset) / p) - offset;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the first argument with the sign of the second argument.
     *
     * @param magnitude Magnitude of the returned value.
     * @param sign Sign of the returned value.
     * @return a value with magnitude equal to {@code magnitude} and with the same sign as the
     *     {@code sign} argument.
     * @throws MathArithmeticException if {@code magnitude == Byte.MIN_VALUE} and {@code sign >= 0}.
     */
    public static byte copySign(byte magnitude, byte sign) throws MathArithmeticException {
        if ((magnitude >= 0 && sign >= 0) || (magnitude < 0 && sign < 0)) { // Sign is OK.
            return magnitude;
        } else if (sign >= 0 && magnitude == Byte.MIN_VALUE) {
            throw new MathArithmeticException(LocalizedFormats.OVERFLOW);
        } else {
            return (byte) -magnitude; // Flip sign.
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the first argument with the sign of the second argument.
     *
     * @param magnitude Magnitude of the returned value.
     * @param sign Sign of the returned value.
     * @return a value with magnitude equal to {@code magnitude} and with the same sign as the
     *     {@code sign} argument.
     * @throws MathArithmeticException if {@code magnitude == Short.MIN_VALUE} and {@code sign >=
     *     0}.
     */
    public static short copySign(short magnitude, short sign) throws MathArithmeticException {
        if ((magnitude >= 0 && sign >= 0) || (magnitude < 0 && sign < 0)) { // Sign is OK.
            return magnitude;
        } else if (sign >= 0 && magnitude == Short.MIN_VALUE) {
            throw new MathArithmeticException(LocalizedFormats.OVERFLOW);
        } else {
            return (short) -magnitude; // Flip sign.
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the first argument with the sign of the second argument.
     *
     * @param magnitude Magnitude of the returned value.
     * @param sign Sign of the returned value.
     * @return a value with magnitude equal to {@code magnitude} and with the same sign as the
     *     {@code sign} argument.
     * @throws MathArithmeticException if {@code magnitude == Integer.MIN_VALUE} and {@code sign >=
     *     0}.
     */
    public static int copySign(int magnitude, int sign) throws MathArithmeticException {
        if ((magnitude >= 0 && sign >= 0) || (magnitude < 0 && sign < 0)) { // Sign is OK.
            return magnitude;
        } else if (sign >= 0 && magnitude == Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
            throw new MathArithmeticException(LocalizedFormats.OVERFLOW);
        } else {
            return -magnitude; // Flip sign.
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the first argument with the sign of the second argument.
     *
     * @param magnitude Magnitude of the returned value.
     * @param sign Sign of the returned value.
     * @return a value with magnitude equal to {@code magnitude} and with the same sign as the
     *     {@code sign} argument.
     * @throws MathArithmeticException if {@code magnitude == Long.MIN_VALUE} and {@code sign >= 0}.
     */
    public static long copySign(long magnitude, long sign) throws MathArithmeticException {
        if ((magnitude >= 0 && sign >= 0) || (magnitude < 0 && sign < 0)) { // Sign is OK.
            return magnitude;
        } else if (sign >= 0 && magnitude == Long.MIN_VALUE) {
            throw new MathArithmeticException(LocalizedFormats.OVERFLOW);
        } else {
            return -magnitude; // Flip sign.
        }
    }

    /**
     * Check that the argument is a real number.
     *
     * @param x Argument.
     * @throws NotFiniteNumberException if {@code x} is not a finite real number.
     */
    public static void checkFinite(final double x) throws NotFiniteNumberException {
        if (Double.isInfinite(x) || Double.isNaN(x)) {
            throw new NotFiniteNumberException(x);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Check that all the elements are real numbers.
     *
     * @param val Arguments.
     * @throws NotFiniteNumberException if any values of the array is not a finite real number.
     */
    public static void checkFinite(final double[] val) throws NotFiniteNumberException {
        for (int i = 0; i < val.length; i++) {
            final double x = val[i];
            if (Double.isInfinite(x) || Double.isNaN(x)) {
                throw new NotFiniteNumberException(LocalizedFormats.ARRAY_ELEMENT, x, i);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Checks that an object is not null.
     *
     * @param o Object to be checked.
     * @param pattern Message pattern.
     * @param args Arguments to replace the placeholders in {@code pattern}.
     * @throws NullArgumentException if {@code o} is {@code null}.
     */
    public static void checkNotNull(Object o, Localizable pattern, Object... args)
            throws NullArgumentException {
        if (o == null) {
            throw new NullArgumentException(pattern, args);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Checks that an object is not null.
     *
     * @param o Object to be checked.
     * @throws NullArgumentException if {@code o} is {@code null}.
     */
    public static void checkNotNull(Object o) throws NullArgumentException {
        if (o == null) {
            throw new NullArgumentException();
        }
    }
}